Worthington Jet
Chad Sloan, Team First Picture
MCEN 4151-001, 10/10/18
Help From: Will Tse, Chris McFadden, Steven Li
The purpose of this image is to capture the Worthington jet effect that occurs from a single droplet of water in a larger area of still water. When my team (Will, Chris, and Steven and I) was setting up this flow we were initially trying to collect a picture of a water drop colliding with the Worthington Jet but unfortunately, we were unable to set up the camera correctly. The Worthington Jet is the phenomena where after a drop of water still a large still water surface and after the water hits there is a small jet of water that comes back up out of the water.
The apparatus used in order to capture this photo is one that we checked out from Professor Hertzberg. This apparatus is called the drop collision. It includes a stand and a servo motor that produces as many drops at whatever time gap you want. The Worthington Jet, also known as the Rayleigh Jet, is produced from a crater that is created in the water by the large drop. As the crater closes quickly over the object, the water rushes back into place and propels droplets of water back into the air. This happens because the water becomes turbulent. After dropping an 1/8” = .003175 m water droplet from a height of 8” = 6.5 m/s and water having Kinematic Viscosity of v= 1.004×10^-6 m^/s we found that the Reynolds number (equation 1) was equal to 20555.2
Re = UD/v Equation 1
Once the Reynolds number becomes larger than 2000 the flow becomes Turbulent. Because of the size of the drop and the height that it was dropped from created enough speed and force to cause the liquid to become Turbulent and cause a Worthington Jet.
In order to create the teal color, we added blue food coloring to water. We added 3 drops of food coloring to approximately 24 oz of water. For our set up we were able to check out a stand from Prof. Hertzberg, this stand was made out of steel bars and set screws in order to adjust the height of the drop. In order to get the right lighting, we used an overhead light that was in the study room as well as two iPhone flashlights.
To capture the photo above we placed our Nikon camera a foot away from the drop. We chose to capture our photo from closer up because we wanted to get a better focus on the base of the jet. We turned the shutter speed up and the ISO up. We did this so that we could minimize motion blur as well as try to get as sharp of an image as possible. During post processing I adjusted the color curve in order to bring the brightness of the blue out more. I also cropped the image to get rid of the unnecessary things around the flow. The last thing I did was turn the blurriness down as much as possible to get the clearest picture possible.
This image reveals a little more about why there is a splash back when water or other objects hit a standing puddle. I like the idea behind the picture but unfortunately, I was unable to capture exactly what I wanted. The picture isn’t as sharp as I wish it could be. I think the photo show the flow well, you can tell what is happening. A direction I could go to push the idea is to get a water drop to collide with the Worthington Jet.
Recourses:
https://www.flowvis.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Worthington-Crown-Report-Jason-Savath.pdf
23 Comments. Leave new
I think the focus could be a bit better, but but framing of the image and color schemes were chosen well
You captured the phenomena very well, but the picture quality leaves a bit to be desired. It’s pretty blurry. The colors are interesting and depict the physics well.
Way to be patient in capturing a good drop! I would have spent a little more time in post processing to edit out some of the reflections.
This looks like a great attempt at it but I would love to see a higher resolution image
interesting image. It demonstrates the physics well. it could have a better focus. May remove some of the sight spots.
The physics here is well portrayed. Have you tried dropping different materials to see how this affect changes? The photo is a little out of focus. What techniques did you try to focus?
I love the green color in the image. If the focus can be improved, the quality could be enhanced. Maybe I will first use a pencil to pin at the point you want to focus and let the camera mannually focus on that point and lock the setup.
I like how the viewer can see the ripples along with the water jet shooting up. The image is a little out of focus but not so much that it is terribly distracting.
I like the color palette of this picture. It’s just really aquatic. The flow is also very interesting. The worthington jet is clearly the highlight, but I also really appreciate being able to see the ripples. I can hear this image. And it’s very tranquil.
The color of the fluid and the timing of this photo are great. I think it could be improved with better focus and lighting to make everything sharper. With better lighting you could reduce the aperture and improve the depth of field to get more of the motion in focus.
This is a cool representation of a Worthington jet. I like the composition of the image and the gradient of color getting softer toward the back. Did you try using a faster shutter speed and adjusting focus to get a more clear image?
This is a really cool effect, I can imagine trying to time this picture was pretty difficult. I think the only way to improve this would be to try and have it more in focus.
Very hard to capture and the color of the water is very appealing. The photo is very out of focus and improved lighting could really help it. The flow is very apparent and it has a lot of potential artistically. You don’t have to worry about the focus as much if you use a greater F-Stop
The Jet is fantastic. Its very cool how high it got, and you can really see how it worked. Maybe using a little more zoom could help, as well as a tripod.
Really like the color of the photo it’s very murky and almost boggy looking. What was this taken on? What added to the grainy background, it adds to the boggyness of the photo.
The photo does a good job of showing the phenomenon you are trying to capture. However, it is quite small, grainy and blurry. Also, maybe you could have had a more isolated image with less background.
The flow is clearly displayed. It’s a bit blurry and I wonder of you could reduce the glare.
Great work. The circles look very good. The physics is so clear.
The image resolution is a little low, but you capture the concept really well! It might be cool to try having a solid background (bottom matching the top).
This is a cool experiment! Did you alter the liquids color in post processing? It seems to be just dilute enough to see the ripples and the contrast with the background.
I like the turquoise color you chose to use, it create a really good aqua feel. you also did a good job at capturing the drop at its climax in height after the drop hit the water.
The color of this image is a very nice teal/green color. It seems like you might have had a hard time messing with the shutter speed and ISO, which is unfortunate that the picture came out a little grainy. The timing of the image was well done!
Captures the phenomenon very well. Can see the rippling out of the fluid. The picture good be slightly higher quality though.